Renal calculi can affect the bladder by causing which condition?

Renal calculi can affect the bladder by causing which condition?

• A. Increased bladder capacity
• B. Obstruction of urine flow
• C. Decreased bladder sensation
• D. Decreased urine production

Answer: (B)

Renal calculi can block the flow of urine when a stone lodges in the bladder or at the bladder outlet, causing obstruction of urine flow. This is the direct effect these stones can have on the bladder: they impede emptying and can lead to urinary retention or back-pressure along the tract if the blockage is partial. The other options don’t fit as typical bladder effects of stones—stones don’t increase how much the bladder can hold, don’t usually alter bladder sensation in a primary way, and don’t directly reduce urine production.

Renal calculi can block the flow of urine when a stone lodges in the bladder or at the bladder outlet, causing obstruction of urine flow. This is the direct effect these stones can have on the bladder: they impede emptying and can lead to urinary retention or back-pressure along the tract if the blockage is partial. The other options don’t fit as typical bladder effects of stones—stones don’t increase how much the bladder can hold, don’t usually alter bladder sensation in a primary way, and don’t directly reduce urine production.